In a smurf flood DoS attack, attackers can benefit from a multiplier effect because multiple ICMP requests are responded to by a single host.

• A. True
• B. Not applicable
• C. Cannot be determined
• D. False

Answer: (D)

Smurf amplification relies on spoofed ICMP Echo Requests sent to a broadcast network address. When one request is sent to that broadcast, every host in the network replies to the spoofed source IP (the target), producing many Echo Replies directed at the victim. The attacker benefits from a multiplier effect because a single crafted request triggers responses from multiple hosts, not because a single host replies to many requests. So the idea that multiple ICMP requests are answered by a single host misstates the mechanism—the amplification comes from many hosts replying to one forged request.