What is the primary purpose of access control in network security?

• A. To maximize data throughput
• B. To restrict unauthorized access to systems and data
• C. To route packets
• D. To log user activity

Answer: (B)

Access control is about ensuring that only the right people can reach the right resources under the right conditions. The primary purpose is to prevent unauthorized access to systems and data, safeguarding confidentiality and integrity. This is achieved through authentication (confirming who you are) and authorization (granting what you’re allowed to do), often implemented with least-privilege principles, role-based access control, and tools like access control lists. The goal is to enforce who can access what, not to maximize speed, route traffic, or merely record activity. Logging is important for after-the-fact investigation, but it doesn’t stop unauthorized access by itself.